Utah Supreme Court: ICPC and Natural Parents – In re B.G., 2026 UT 2
In re B.G. – 2026 UT 2 This opinion is subject to revision before finalpublication in the Pacific Reporter 2026 UT 2 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF…
“Not Offered for the Truth of the Matter Asserted”: Meaning, Limits, and Misuse
In court, neither a party nor one of that party’s witnesses can simply claim to repeat what someone else said and expect the judge to treat it as proof. As…
Why Can’t I Just Submit a Letter as Evidence in Court?
What “Laying Foundation” Actually Means One of the most common frustrations in Utah divorce cases is this: a party has a letter, email, report, or written statement that feels decisive—and…
The Price of Professionalism: The Pro Se Paradox in Family Court
The "Rules for Thee, But Not for Me" Phenomenon The legal system is built on procedure. For an attorney, failing to file a motion on time or improperly authenticating a…
What Utah Law Actually Says About Hearing From Children in Custody Cases
In the prior discussion, I described a common feature of Utah custody and parent-time proceedings: courts routinely make findings about a child’s needs, attachments, and lived experience without hearing directly…
What Counts as “Testimony” When the Court Hears From a Child
In the prior two posts, I described a common feature of Utah custody and parent-time proceedings: courts routinely make findings about a child’s needs, relationships, and lived experience without hearing…
When the System Resists Hearing from the One Person Who Actually Lives the Case
Seth Godin observed that every important medical innovation of the last several centuries—handwashing, antibiotics, acknowledging the dangers of smoking—was initially resisted by the medical establishment. Not because the ideas were…
When Can Things Be Submitted to the Court?
Every year, I watch people bring “important” documents to court that the judge will never read. Emails. Text messages. Financial records. Therapist letters. Receipts. Recordings. Sometimes the most important material…
The Muzzled Meadow
I. The Founding TraumaIn the Meadow, everyone agreed on one thing: voices were dangerous.It hadn’t always been so. Long ago, animals spoke plainly. Some spoke well, somepoorly, some too much.…
Why This Debate Is So Often Avoided in Utah Child Custody Cases
This post is the fourth in a four-part series examining Utah courts’ reliance on guardians ad litem (GALs), private guardians ad litem (PGALs), and custody evaluators, and the legal, procedural,…
Restoring Judicial Fact-Finding in Utah Child custody Cases: Adjudication Without Synthetic Substitutes
This post is the third in a four-part series examining Utah courts’ reliance on guardians ad litem (GALs), private guardians ad litem (PGALs), and custody evaluators, and the legal, procedural,…
When Help Becomes Substitution: Where Utah’s Use of Best-Interest Professionals Breaks Down Legally
This post is the second in a four-part series examining Utah courts’ reliance on guardians ad litem (GALs), private guardians ad litem (PGALs), and custody evaluators, and the legal, procedural,…
Why Utah Courts Rely on GALs, PGALs, and Custody Evaluators — The Best Case
This post is the first in a four-part series examining Utah courts’ reliance on guardians ad litem (GALs), private guardians ad litem (PGALs), and custody evaluators, beginning with the strongest…
The Emperor Has No Clothes: When Do Credentials Prove Superior Skill in Interviewing Children?
Questioning the Assumed Superiority of Custody Evaluators and Guardians ad Litem A foundational assumption in modern custody practice is rarely stated outright, but it governs nearly everything that follows: that…
The Voice of the Child: Why Simple, Factual Testimony Is Often Safer Than Psychological Interpretation
The Danger of Interpretation When Courts Refuse to Hear from the Child Directly When the court relies on a child custody evaluator or Guardian Ad Litem (GAL), it is not…
Best Interests Without Evidence: The Unexamined Premise of PGAL and Custody Evaluator Appointments
When Courts Hear About Children Instead of Hearing From Them In Utah child-custody and parent-time disputes, motions to appoint a Private Guardian ad Litem (PGAL) and/or a custody evaluator have…
Utah Court of Appeals Affirms Broad Continuous Protective Orders Covering Household Children
State v. Allred - 2026 UT App 1 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH,Appellee, v. ALLEN MICHAEL ALLRED, Appellant. Opinion No. 20230738-CA Filed January 2, 2026 First District…
Why Courts Should Explain How They Hear Children in Custody Cases
Evidence, Record-Making, and the Limits of Testimonial Substitution Courts, lawyers, and commissioners in child custody and parent-time disputes often operate on an unspoken assumption: that the only acceptable way to…
Daniel v. Daniel – 2025 UT App 193 – Unsolemnized Marriage After Divorce Requires Mutual Consent
2025 UT App 193 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS RAYLYN DANIEL,Appellant, V. SETH DANIEL, Appellee. Opinion No. 20230931-CA Filed December 26, 2025 Fourth District Court, Provo DepartmentThe Honorable Christine S. JohnsonNo. 214402674 Jared L. Bramwell,…
State v. Yusuf – 2025 UT App 189 – Video Evidence, Credibility, and Jury Emphasis
2025 UT App 189 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH,Appellee, V. REDWAN A. YUSUF,Appellant. Opinion No. 20240190-CA Filed December 18, 2025 Third District Court, Salt Lake Department The Honorable Amber M. Mettler No.…
State v. Tolman – 2025 UT App 188 – Remote Child Testimony and Preservation Failures
2025 UT App 188 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH,Appellee, v. KASSIE ANGEL TOLMAN, Appellant. Opinion No. 20230006-CA Filed December 18, 2025 First District Court, Logan DepartmentThe Honorable Angela FonnesbeckNo. 191100466 Lyla Mahmoud, Debra…
Kelly v. Johnson, 2025 UT App 175 – Child Custody and Relocation
Kelly v. Johnson - 2025 UT App 175 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS SHAYNE KELLY, Appellee, v. IRIS JOHNSON, Appellant. Opinion No. 20240857 Filed November 28, 2025 Second District Court,…
Even the Best Divorce Lawyer Can’t Turn a Weak Case Into a Strong One
There’s a persistent belief in the divorce and custody world that the “right” divorce and child custody lawyer can work miracles. That if you hire someone clever enough, aggressive enough,…
Klein v. Klein – 2025 UT App 170
Klein v. Klein - 2025 UT App 170 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS AMBER KLEIN, Appellee, v. MELVIN JAMES KLEIN, Appellant. Opinion No. 20240231-CA Filed November 20, 2025 Sixth District…
Utah Law Does Not Bar Children From Testifying—Even When a PGAL Is Appointed
Utah law allows a child to be represented by an attorney—either a guardian ad litem (GAL) when there are allegations of child abuse, or by a private guardian ad litem…
How to Protect Your Child From Being Manipulated Into Making False Accusations During a Custody Dispute
A candid, experience-based guide for parents who need the truth without varnish or theatrics. Not every case involves manipulation. Not every professional fails. But when these problems occur—and they do—the…
Evidence, Not Guesswork: The Case for Testing Proposed Child Custody and Parent-time Schedules Before Making Final Custody and Parent-time Orders in Utah
Utah courts are tasked with making custody and parent-time decisions based on the best interest of the child. But you cannot know what schedule truly serves a child’s best interest if…
If Nobody Agrees That Your Spouse Is the Villain, It May Be You
In Utah divorces, casting your spouse as the villain without proof can wreck your credibility and your custody case. Self-reflection and evidence—not drama—win the day. Divorce brings out strong emotions.…
How to Protect Yourself from False Abuse Accusations During Custody Exchanges and Other Interactions
False allegations of abuse—whether physical, emotional, or “stalking”—are among the most destructive things that can happen to a parent in a custody dispute. Once the words “abuse” and/or stalking is/are…
In re N.E. – 2025 UT App 156 – Termination of Parental Rights, Permanent Guardianship
In re N.E. - 2025 UT App 156 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH, IN THE INTEREST OF N.E., A PERSON UNDER EIGHTEEN YEARS OF AGE. N.E., Appellant,…
State v. Barney – 2025 UT App 153 – Stalking (criminal)
2025 UT App 153 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH, Appellee, v. DEVIN STIRLING BARNEY, Appellant. Opinion No. 20240178-CA Filed October 23, 2025 Fifth District Court, Cedar City…
What Should I Do If I Have to Have a Custody Evaluation, Psychological, or Other Evaluation Conducted?
Utah family courts often order custody, psychological, or substance-abuse evaluations. Learn what to expect, how to prepare, and how to protect yourself during these high-stakes assessments. _________ When a Utah…
Stephenson v. Stephenson – 2025 UT App 149 – marital expenses
Stephenson v. Stephenson - 2025 UT App 149 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS SHAUNA H. STEPHENSON, Appellee, v. KERRY KAY STEPHENSON, Appellant. Opinion No. 20220469-CA Filed October 17, 2025 Third…
When Discovery Closes, It’s Really Closed: What That Means in Utah Family Law Cases
When discovery closes in your Utah divorce, child custody, or support case, that’s the official end of the evidence-gathering phase. You can’t send out new discovery requests, And you can’t…
Understanding Judicial Discretion and Its Abuses in Utah Family Law
Utah judges and commissioners can—and many often do—bend or ignore laws/rules and facts. Learn how this happens, why appellate oversight rarely corrects it, and what litigants can do to protect…
How Social Media and Digital Communication Have Changed Divorce Evidence
The explosion of text messages, emails, and social media has had a significant impact on divorce litigation. The Shift: From He Said/She Said to Digital Receipts Not long ago, custody…
Marri v. Rizwan (2025 UT App 137) – Annulment of Marriage, Fraud
Marri v. Rizwan - 2025 UT App 137 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS MIR MARRI, Appellant, v. RABIA RIZWAN, Appellee. Opinion No. 20230034-CA Filed September 18, 2025 Third District Court,…
Why Custody Evaluations in Utah Should Be Recorded and Transparent
In Utah today, custody evaluations are often conducted behind closed doors. The evaluator interviews the parents, the children, and collateral witnesses (neighbors, teachers, extended family, therapists, coaches, pastors, etc.), but…
Should I Go Through My Child’s Phone or Other Devices During the Divorce?
Why this comes up Divorce makes parents hyper-vigilant. A child’s smartphone can feel like the master key to what’s really happening—messages with the other parent, photos, social media, location history.…
State v. Hansen – 2025 UT App 121
State v. Hansen - 2025 UT App 121 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH,Appellee, v. STEPHANIE HANSEN,Appellant. Opinion No. 20220178-CA Filed August 14, 2025 Fourth District Court, Provo…
Cedar City v. McCraw – 2025 UT App 123
2025 UT App 123 – Cedar City v. McCraw THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS CEDAR CITY,Appellee, V. JENNIFER LYNN MCCRAW, Appellant. Opinion No. 20230747-CA Filed August 14, 2025 Fifth District…
Ream v. Ream – 2025 UT App 105 – What Does and Does Not Constitute Civil Stalking Injunction Violation
2025 UT App 105 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS DEBRA JEAN REAM, Appellant, v. JACOB M. REAM, Appellee. Opinion No. 20230799-CA Filed July 10, 2025 Fourth District Court, Provo Department…
How Common Are Cases Where Divorce Proceedings Take a Dramatic Turn Because of Unexpected Evidence, Like in Court Dramas?
In my 28 years’ experience, it’s not common. Indeed, if divorce cases took dramatic turns routinely, they couldn’t be considered dramatic turns. That stated, very true a skilled divorce lawyer…
Miner v. Miner – 2025 UT App 64 – modifying alimony, attorney’s fees
Miner v. Miner - 2025 UT App 64 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS LISA P. MINER, Appellee, v. JOHN E. MINER, Appellant. Opinion No. 20230278-CA Filed May 8, 2025 Fifth…
Will ORS automatically adjust the child support withheld from my paycheck when my child support obligation changes? By Braxton Mounteer, Legal Assistant
Will ORS automatically adjust the child support withheld from my paycheck when my child support obligation changes? The short answer to this question is no. ORS will not automatically review…
Protecting Yourself From a Spouse Who Has No Regard for Ethics, the Law, or Morality. By Braxton Mounteer
A fair and equitable divorce is the best that any decent person who goes through the divorce process can honestly hope for. If you know you that you will be dealing…
In re D.S. – 2025 UT 11 – termination of parental rights – standard of proof
This opinion is subject to revision before final publication in the Pacific Reporter In re D.S. - 2025 UT 11 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF UTAH STATE…
Yes, Equal Custody Is a Great Idea and Should Be Awarded Far More Often Than It Is Now, but That Doesn’t Mean All Judges Agree.
Where both parents are fit parents and want to be as involved as possible in rearing that child—both out of a personal interest in enjoying parenthood and out of commitment…
Another Thing I Realized About Why Custody Evaluators Don’t Want Interviews Recorded
I'm beginning to realize that the amount of subjectivity involved with custody evaluation findings and conclusions is almost absolute, when you have two fit parents; meaning that somebody could ask…
Don’t Play Dirty in Divorce Just Because Your Spouse Does By Braxton Mounteer, Legal Assistant
We’ve all heard some version of this story: the dramatic, knock-down, drag-out divorce. Where every move is a power play and every lawyer is part strategist, part saboteur. If you're…
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