“I’ll Give It the Appropriate Weight” Is Not a Rule of Evidence

Few courtroom phrases are more soothing—or more dangerous—than this response to a valid hearsay objection: “I’ll admit it, but I’ll give it the appropriate weight.” The phrase sounds disciplined. It…

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PGALs Are Almost Always Appointed for the Court’s Convenience, Not the Child’s Benefit or for the Benefit of Seeking the Truth

For many parents involved in child custody disputes, the phrase “appointing a PGAL” comes up before anyone explains what it means. “PGAL” is short for private guardian ad litem. In…

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You Can’t Decide What You Haven’t Examined: What Most Utah Courts Knowingly Miss in Child Custody Decisions

The Missing Step Courts in child custody disputes routinely make determinations without ever hearing from the child directly—or even reviewing a complete and reliable record of someone who did. That…

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Exposing the “Child Whisperer” Myth in Utah Custody and Parent-time

In Utah child custody and parent-time disputes, courts routinely defer to a familiar class of professionals: private guardians ad litem (PGALs) and custody evaluators. These professionals are held up as…

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