Child Parent-Time Refusal in Utah: How Courts Tell “Can’t” from “Won’t” (“I can’t make them” is where the inquiry starts)

"Why hasn't your son been to his father's home since March?" "He's sixteen. I can't make him." Sometimes that answer is true. Sometimes it's the end of a long, ugly…

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Can You Ask the Court to Test the Custody Schedule You Are Proposing?

Suppose you are asking for joint or equal physical child custody. The other parent opposes it. Why not ask the court to put your proposed schedule into effect temporarily so…

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The Answer to Too Much Psychology in Child Custody Disputes Is Not Reflexively More Psychology

Summary. Family law increasingly describes ordinary misconduct in clinical terms. Selfishness becomes narcissism, and disagreement becomes gaslighting. When amateur psychology complicates a child custody dispute, courts and lawyers often respond…

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The Cost of Divorce: How to Keep Legal Fees Down Without Cutting Corners

Executive Summary: You do not save money in divorce simply by spending less on lawyers. You save money by using legal help where it adds value and avoiding work that…

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The First Draft Is the Fitting, Not the Finished Suit

Executive Summary: I draft legal documents the way a tailor fits a suit. I start with a proven structure, show the client an actual draft, and then adjust the approach,…

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The Standard Is Not Perfection. It Is Our Best Work and Nothing Less.

Nobody has any business demanding perfection from judges, commissioners, lawyers, guardians ad litem, custody evaluators, therapists, or court clerks. These are human beings doing difficult work, often under time pressure,…

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Neither Spock Nor McCoy: What Administering Utah Family Law Actually Requires

Disraeli said never apologize for feeling, because to do so is to apologize for truth. He was right, and Utah family law should take him seriously. A parent's fear for…

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Who Gets the Benefit of the Doubt? What the Lindsay Clancy Case Can Teach Utah Family Courts

The Lindsay Clancy murder trial is about as far removed from an ordinary Utah divorce case as one can imagine. Clancy admitted killing her three young children in Massachusetts in…

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When “Erring on the Side of Caution” Becomes a Substitute for Proof

There is a powerful argument for caution in family court, and it deserves to be taken seriously. When a judge or commissioner is confronted with an allegation that a parent…

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If a PGAL Can Interview a Child, So Can a Judge or Commissioner

Utah Courts Should Stop Paying an Intermediary to Tell the Factfinder What the Factfinder Can Hear Directly When a child's wishes, concerns, experiences, or perceptions matter in a Utah child…

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Guanuna v. Sawatzki: Utah Court Upholds Presumed Father Despite DNA

2026 UT App 130 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS JUAN MIGUEL GUANUNA, Appellant, v. LINDSEY R. SAWATZKI AND JONATHAN C. SAWATZKI, Appellees. Opinion No. 20240191-CA Filed August 20, 2026 Third…

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Utah Litigants Will Soon Have a Right to Free, Expedited Access to Courtroom Audio of Their Court Proceedings

Utah has enacted a meaningful improvement in access to court proceedings. Beginning January 1, 2027, Utah Code § 78A-1-203 will require an audio recording of each public court proceeding in…

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When “Special Training” Becomes a Credentialist Dodge

What “Special Training” Does a Judge Really Need to Talk to a Child? In Utah child custody disputes, one of the stock objections to having a judge interview a child…

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Let the Judge Talk to the Child. Have the Judge Talk to the Child

One of the strangest objections to judges interviewing children in child custody disputes is that the interview might make the child anxious. Of course it might. The child’s parents are…

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Hidden Assets in a Utah Divorce: What Discovery Actually Does—and Where It Falls Short

Utah's entire system for dividing property, setting alimony, and calculating child support runs on one assumption: both parties are telling the truth about their finances. When that assumption breaks down,…

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Public Comment on Proposed Utah Rule of Civil Procedure 110 — Judicial Interview of a Minor Child

Summary: 1. Proposed paragraph (b)(2) applies to judicial interviews substantially the same restrictive threshold the Legislature imposed on compelled child testimony. 2. Concerns about litigation abuse and judicial workload justify…

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When a Label Changes the Past: Testing Memory Instead of Trusting It in Custody Disputes

Here is the objection this post is going to draw, so I deal with it directly instead of dodging it: raising questions about the reliability of memory sounds like it's…

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Damned If You Do, Damned If You Don’t: Responding to Domestic-Violence Allegations in Protective-Order Cases

An innocent respondent in a protective-order case often faces a problem that courts do not acknowledge clearly enough: The more fully he explains what happened, the more material he may give…

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The Court Proceedings Recording Ban That HB 540 Didn’t Fix

Utah's state court rules still prohibit litigants and attorneys from making their own audio recordings of court proceedings, even when a proceeding is open to the public and no legitimate…

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Utah Unlawful Detention: Bluffdale City v. Verive

Bluffdale City v. Verive - 2026 UT App 101 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS BLUFFDALE CITY, Appellee, v. AARON VERIVE, Appellant. Opinion No. 20250757-CA Filed July 2, 2026 Third District…

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Paulson v. Paulson: Premarital Agreements, Expert Disclosures, and Attorney Fees

Paulson v. Paulson - 2026 UT App 108 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS TRISHNA PAULSON, Appellee, v. CHRISTOPHER PAULSON, Appellant. Opinion No. 20220914-CA Filed July 16, 2026 Fourth District Court,…

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When Is a Divorce Settlement Agreement Ambiguous? Schmidt v. Schmidt

Schmidt v. Schmidt - 2026 UT App 98 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STEPHEN EDWARD SCHMIDT, Appellant, v. ANGELA SCHMIDT, Appellee. Opinion No. 20240759-CA Filed July 2, 2026 Third District…

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You Don’t Want an Overworked Judge or Domestic Relations Commissioner Deciding Your Family’s Fate

Judge Kasey Wright deserves more credit than ridicule for refusing to pretend that chronic triage is competent judging. On July 13, 2026, Utah Fourth Judicial District Judge Kasey Wright submitted…

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When the Old Lame Excuses Fail, New Ones Will Be Invented

Judges in child custody disputes should hear from children more often. A lot more often. It should be routine, the presumptive course, the default. Not because children should decide custody…

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“I’m Not Trained to Interview Children” and Other Empty Objections Behind Utah’s PGAL Default

At a recent hearing, a commissioner explained why she was appointing a private guardian ad litem instead of interviewing the child herself: "Given the age of the child, the statutory…

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One Opinion, Seven Letterheads: The Family Court Echo Chamber

Christine Miller recently made a point about family court that deserves more attention: the appearance of independent professional agreement where no genuine independence exists. When a court appoints a private guardian…

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The Weaponization of Victimhood: A Candid Look at the Inexcusable Bias in Family Courts

“A woman's greatest strength [in divorce court] is her ability to be a victim.” It’s a statement that immediately makes people boil over—either in furious agreement or absolute outrage. But…

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Let. The. Evidence. Point. The. Way.

A recent podcast clip I saw this week made a deliberately provocative claim: “A woman’s greatest strength is her ability to be a victim.” Taken literally, the statement is too…

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Utah Rule 108 Requires a Hearing on Enforcement Objections

Christensen v. Christensen - 2026 UT App 104 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS JEFFREY CHRISTENSEN, Appellant, v. COURTNEY JESSICA CHRISTENSEN, Appellee. Opinion No. 20240810-CA Filed July 9, 2026 Third District…

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The Intersection of Federal Immigration Law and Utah Divorce

One of the most complex, high-stakes scenarios occurs when federal immigration policies collide head-on with state domestic relations law. Under the federal Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), a non-citizen spouse…

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SB 304 Promised a Fix for Weaponized Protective Orders. Read the Statute

Anyone who practices Utah family law has watched it happen. A child custody dispute is going badly for one parent, or hasn't started yet, and a protective order petition appears.…

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Protection Without Prejudice

A temporary protective order should do one thing well: protect against the danger actually alleged and shown by nothing less than a preponderance of the evidence. It should not become…

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When “More Likely Than Not” Becomes “Maybe, So Better Safe Than Sorry”

A low evidentiary burden is still a burden. That should be obvious. In Utah temporary protective order practice, however, it is often treated as optional. The preponderance of the evidence…

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The Paper Shield: Protecting Victims Without Abandoning Due Process

Few legal proceedings can rearrange a person’s life as quickly as an ex parte protective order. A judge can remove someone from the family home, restrict contact with children, limit access to…

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The Standard of Proof Is the Immune System of Family Law—and Courts Keep Suppressing It

This post is a companion to The Bloodletting of Family Law. That post diagnosed a system that mistakes itself for the cure. This one is about the cure the system…

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The Bloodletting of Family Law: When the System Mistakes Itself for the Cure

For centuries, physicians bled their patients and called it medicine. The patients got weaker; the doctors, confident in their training, prescribed more bleeding. Medicine now has a name for harm…

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Trust Me Is Not Evidence: The Custody Black Box in Utah Family Court

In most courtrooms, a litigant cannot restrict another person’s fundamental rights by repeating untested, out-of-court accusations. If a party tries to prove serious allegations through “someone told me” evidence, the…

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Fear Wearing the Mask of Reason

On the surface, family court looks like a place of reason. There are statutes, rules of evidence, financial declarations, parenting plans, sworn testimony, judicial findings, and orders written in the…

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The “Best Interests” Standard: Common Factors Judges Consider in Utah Child Custody and Parent-time Disputes

When parents separate or divorce, one of the most important questions is how custody of their children will be determined. Many parents enter the process believing the court will automatically…

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 Ineffective Counsel in Utah TPR Cases: In re A.H.

In re A.H., 2026 UT App 88 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH, IN THE INTEREST OF A.H., J.H., J.H., L.H., N.H., S.H., AND E.H., PERSONS UNDER EIGHTEEN…

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State v. Collard: Redacting Protective Orders and Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

State v. Collard, 2026 UT App 87 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH, Appellee, v. KEVIN MICHAEL COLLARD, Appellant. Opinion No. 20240532-CA Filed June 4, 2026 Third District…

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“I’ll Give It the Appropriate Weight” Is Not a Rule of Evidence

Few courtroom phrases are more soothing—or more dangerous—than this response to a valid hearsay objection: “I’ll admit it, but I’ll give it the appropriate weight.” The phrase sounds disciplined. It…

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Walking in Their Shoes: The Reciprocal Argument Rule in Family Law Litigation

Family court is not ordinary litigation. In a business dispute, the parties may fight hard, settle, and never see each other again. In divorce and child custody disputes, the parties…

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The Rule 702 Gap: Why Utah Custody Evaluations Need Real Evidentiary Scrutiny

In a Utah personal injury case, if a doctor testifies that a low-speed collision caused a traumatic brain injury, that opinion will usually face meaningful scrutiny under Rule 702 of…

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Utah Court of Appeals Reverses Child Abuse Conviction Over Incorrect “Reasonable Discipline” Jury Instruction

State v. Paramoure - 2026 UT App 74 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH,Appellee, V. PHILIP CHRISTOPHER PARAMOURE, Appellant. Opinion No. 20240381-CA Filed May 7, 2026 Third District Court, Salt Lake Department The Honorable…

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Credibility Determinations Belong to Courts, Not Custody Evaluators

In a surprising number of child custody disputes, courts make major decisions based heavily on conversations nobody else gets to see or hear. A custody evaluator interviews the child privately.…

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The “Delete” Trap: Why Wiping Your Hard Drive During a Divorce Can Blow Up Your Case

Deleting digital evidence during a Utah divorce can trigger sanctions, contempt findings, attorney fee awards, and devastating credibility problems. Learn how Utah courts treat destroyed evidence under URCP 26, 26.1,…

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Wilson v. Wilson: Utah Court of Appeals Enforces Divorce Mediation Settlement Agreement

Wilson v. Wilson - 2026 UT App 72 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS LISA A. WILSON,Appellant, v. BRAD J. WILSON, Appellee. Opinion No. 20240444-CA Filed May 7, 2026 Third District…

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Plausible Isn’t Proof: And “Discretion” Doesn’t Fix It

Stephen Petro recently made a point that should be obvious, but in the heat of litigation, often isn’t: A “reasonable” answer is not the same thing as a correct one. A reasonable answer…

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NFTs in Divorce: How Courts Value (and Misvalue) Volatile Digital Assets

When a $100,000 asset can become $1,000 before trial, valuation timing—not ownership—is the real fight. If you’re holding NFTs and heading into a divorce, understand this: the court does not…

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