What Counts as “Testimony” When the Court Hears From a Child

In the prior two posts, I described a common feature of Utah custody and parent-time proceedings: courts routinely make findings about a child’s needs, relationships, and lived experience without hearing…

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Restoring Judicial Fact-Finding in Utah Child custody Cases: Adjudication Without Synthetic Substitutes

This post is the third in a four-part series examining Utah courts’ reliance on guardians ad litem (GALs), private guardians ad litem (PGALs), and custody evaluators, and the legal, procedural,…

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Best Interests Without Evidence: The Unexamined Premise of PGAL and Custody Evaluator Appointments

When Courts Hear About Children Instead of Hearing From Them In Utah child-custody and parent-time disputes, motions to appoint a Private Guardian ad Litem (PGAL) and/or a custody evaluator have…

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