Trust Me Is Not Evidence: The Custody Black Box in Utah Family Court

In most courtrooms, a litigant cannot restrict another person’s fundamental rights by repeating untested, out-of-court accusations. If a party tries to prove serious allegations through “someone told me” evidence, the…

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Trust Without Verification: The Custody Evaluation Transparency Problem

When the interviews that shape custody decisions remain inside a black box, the court is asked to trust what it cannot independently verify. In Utah child custody disputes, custody evaluations…

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“Not Offered for the Truth of the Matter Asserted”: Meaning, Limits, and Misuse

In court, neither a party nor one of that party’s witnesses can simply claim to repeat what someone else said and expect the judge to treat it as proof. As…

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