Who Is in Charge of a Lawsuit: the Client or the Lawyer?
People who hire a lawyer tend to assume one of two extremes. Either: “I hired the lawyer, so the lawyer does what I say.” Or: “The lawyer is the professional,…
“Not Offered for the Truth of the Matter Asserted”: Meaning, Limits, and Misuse
In court, neither a party nor one of that party’s witnesses can simply claim to repeat what someone else said and expect the judge to treat it as proof. As…
When the System Resists Hearing from the One Person Who Actually Lives the Case
Seth Godin observed that every important medical innovation of the last several centuries—handwashing, antibiotics, acknowledging the dangers of smoking—was initially resisted by the medical establishment. Not because the ideas were…
The Illusion of Protection: Why Utah’s Child Testimony Statute Threatens Due Process and Open Courts
A constitutional critique of Utah Code § 81-9-204(5)(a) Utah, like every state, bears a solemn and compelling responsibility to protect children involved in custody and parent-time disputes. That responsibility is…
Why Utah Courts Rely on GALs, PGALs, and Custody Evaluators — The Best Case
This post is the first in a four-part series examining Utah courts’ reliance on guardians ad litem (GALs), private guardians ad litem (PGALs), and custody evaluators, beginning with the strongest…
The Emperor Has No Clothes: When Do Credentials Prove Superior Skill in Interviewing Children?
Questioning the Assumed Superiority of Custody Evaluators and Guardians ad Litem A foundational assumption in modern custody practice is rarely stated outright, but it governs nearly everything that follows: that…
Why Courts Should Explain How They Hear Children in Custody Cases
Evidence, Record-Making, and the Limits of Testimonial Substitution Courts, lawyers, and commissioners in child custody and parent-time disputes often operate on an unspoken assumption: that the only acceptable way to…
State v. Yusuf – 2025 UT App 189 – Video Evidence, Credibility, and Jury Emphasis
2025 UT App 189 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH,Appellee, V. REDWAN A. YUSUF,Appellant. Opinion No. 20240190-CA Filed December 18, 2025 Third District Court, Salt Lake Department The Honorable Amber M. Mettler No.…
State v. Tolman – 2025 UT App 188 – Remote Child Testimony and Preservation Failures
2025 UT App 188 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH,Appellee, v. KASSIE ANGEL TOLMAN, Appellant. Opinion No. 20230006-CA Filed December 18, 2025 First District Court, Logan DepartmentThe Honorable Angela FonnesbeckNo. 191100466 Lyla Mahmoud, Debra…
Orem City v. Jakeman – 2025 UT App 187 – continuous protective orders after sentencing
2025 UT App 187 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS OREM CITY, Appellee, v. DAVID AMMON JAKEMAN, Appellant. Opinion No. 20241042-CA Filed December 18, 2025 Fourth District Court, Spanish Fork Department…
Evidence, Not Guesswork: The Case for Testing Proposed Child Custody and Parent-time Schedules Before Making Final Custody and Parent-time Orders in Utah
Utah courts are tasked with making custody and parent-time decisions based on the best interest of the child. But you cannot know what schedule truly serves a child’s best interest if…
In re P.M.- 2025 UT App 155
In re P.M.- 2025 UT App 155 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH, IN THE INTEREST OF P.M., A PERSON UNDER EIGHTEEN YEARS OF AGE. O.D.M., Appellant, v.…
In re P.M. – 2025 UT App 154 – Juvenile Court – Dependency
2025 UT App 154 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH, IN THE INTEREST OF P.M., A PERSON UNDER EIGHTEEN YEARS OF AGE. M.M., Appellant, v. STATE OF UTAH…
Why Custody Evaluations in Utah Should Be Recorded and Transparent
In Utah today, custody evaluations are often conducted behind closed doors. The evaluator interviews the parents, the children, and collateral witnesses (neighbors, teachers, extended family, therapists, coaches, pastors, etc.), but…
Should I Go Through My Child’s Phone or Other Devices During the Divorce?
Why this comes up Divorce makes parents hyper-vigilant. A child’s smartphone can feel like the master key to what’s really happening—messages with the other parent, photos, social media, location history.…
Ream v. Ream – 2025 UT App 105 – What Does and Does Not Constitute Civil Stalking Injunction Violation
2025 UT App 105 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS DEBRA JEAN REAM, Appellant, v. JACOB M. REAM, Appellee. Opinion No. 20230799-CA Filed July 10, 2025 Fourth District Court, Provo Department…
What Evidence Should You Request During the Discovery Process in Your Utah Divorce?
Divorce has many components, one of which often includes litigating in court. Ensuring a fair outcome in your divorce case requires more than just going to court and arguing. One…
Making the Expedited Parent-time Enforcement Program Truly Expedited
Given that the 3rd District requires mediation under § 81-9-102(a). (Expedited Parent-time Enforcement Program (emphasis on “expedited”), before it will hear motions to enforce and for sanctions (MTEs) that allege court-ordered…
Should You Depose Your Spouse During Your Divorce Case? By Braxton Mounteer, Legal Assistant
One of the best evidence-gathering tools that a divorce litigant has at his/her disposal is a deposition. What is a deposition? To answer that question, you first need to understand that a…
In re D.S. – 2025 UT 11 – termination of parental rights – standard of proof
This opinion is subject to revision before final publication in the Pacific Reporter In re D.S. - 2025 UT 11 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF UTAH STATE…
How to Identify and Avoid Some Common Dirty Tricks in Divorce Cases. By Braxton Mounteer, Legal Assistant
Some spouses will absolutely exploit the legal system to gain an unfair advantage in divorce proceedings. It's crucial to recognize the manipulative tactics your spouse might employ against you—even if…
How Can I Fight for Child Visitation and My Parental Rights Without a Lawyer in Utah?
No one is required to hire a lawyer to represent him/her in a child custody dispute. If you are involved in a termination of parental rights or child abuse case…
Should You Get Divorced? Weighing Your Options in a Difficult Decision By Braxton Mounteer, Legal Assistant
The decisions to marry and to end a marriage are not decisions to be taken lightly. If divorce is ever an easy choice, something is terribly wrong. Wrong with the…
A Big Problem with Child Abuse and Parental Alienation Accusations in Family Court
I can identify the problem by phrasing it in the form of several hypothetical questions to a judge: Is the approach to the allegations going to be, “Because these kinds…
Nelson v. Nelson – 2025 UT App 43 – alimony, income, loan
2025 UT App 43 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS VICKI JO NELSON, Appellee, v. JAMES Q. NELSON, Appellant. Opinion No. 20230483-CA Filed March 27, 2025 Third District Court, Salt Lake…
What Can a Father Do If, After the Divorce, the Mother, Who Has Custody of the Child, Turns the Child Against the Father?
What can a father do if, after the divorce, the mother, who has custody of the child, turns the child against the father? What can he do? There are many things he…
How Can an Unfair Child Custody Arrangement Be Corrected in Utah?
It depends on how you reached this point, and how much time, if any, you have to fix it. If circumstances relevant to the child custody award have materially and…
How Do You Combat a Narcissistic Husband Who Isolates Your Child During a Divorce?
Warning: my answer is blunt, and it is directed primarily at women/mothers who make (or contemplate making) false claims, but even if you are not making or contemplating making a…
Should I Appeal My Family Law Case in Utah?
It is common for many to be dissatisfied with the results of their family law cases. No matter how hard they fought or how long they worked at it, sometimes…
A Critical Analysis of Court-Ordered Mental Health Therapy in Utah Family Law
In family law proceedings, particularly those involving child custody disputes, courts frequently order parents and children to engage in mental health therapy. While the ostensible intent behind these orders is…
Do Judges in Family Court Actions Have the Ability to Jail Parents Who Have Not Complied With Parts of the Custody Order for Contempt?
Do judges in family court actions have the ability to jail parents who have not complied with parts of the custody order for contempt? Yes. What are the limitations on…
Reject the Contemporary Utah Custody Evaluation or PGAL Couse of Action: Record the Interviews of the Children Involved in Utah Child Custody Disputes
In legal disputes over the physical custody and parent-time awards, minor children have the greatest stake in the outcome. Minor children who are mature and intelligent enough to articulate their knowledge…
How Should Parents Document Communications During Custody Disputes?
Great, great question. First, fairly and accurately. Do not selectively cite the other parents communications with you and with others. If you do that, your credibility suffers. Second, relevantly. So…
In re I.C. – 2025 UT App 20 – thinking of smuggling a child instead of adoption?
In re I.C. - 2025 UT App 20 2025 UT App 20 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH, IN THE INTEREST OF I.C., A PERSON UNDER EIGHTEEN YEARS…
Dutcher v. Dutcher – 2025 UT App 21
Dutcher v. Dutcher - 2025 UT App 21 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS DAVID THOMAS DUTCHER, Appellant, v. AUDREY PARK DUTCHER, Appellee. Opinion No. 20230332-CA Filed February 21, 2025 Third District…
In What Specific Ways Can a Family Law Attorney Take Advantage of a Pro SE Party in a Divorce Case?
Most predictably and intuitively: They can take advantage of their greater knowledge of the law and court rules to make better arguments and to outmaneuver you in a case, whether…
Too Many Fraudulently Sought Protective Orders? – The Buck Stops with the Courts
I humbly and respectfully submit that the following clearly do not meet the burden of proof under the preponderance of evidence standard and thus do not support entry of a…
2025 UT App 12 – Schmidt v. Petersen – civil stalking – burden of proof
2025 UT App 12 - Schmidt v. Petersen 2025 UT App 12 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STEPHEN EDWARD SCHMIDT, Appellant, v. KYLE JEFFERY PETERSEN, Appellee. Opinion No. 20230287-CA Filed…
How Does Fraudulently Filing for a Protective Order Often Give the Applicants an Insurmountable Unfair Advantage in a Divorce or Child Custody Case?
By exploiting legal mechanisms designed to protect actual victims, here are ways that fraudulently seeking a protective order can create an unfair advantage: Immediate Restriction on Contact and Access Temporary…
Too Many Fraudulently Protective Orders? – The Buck Stops with the Courts
It could have happened as alleged I find the applicant credible (but I won’t mention that a) I also find the respondent equally credible; or b) I can’t articulate a…
The Cause of “Protective Orders Disorder” and Its Cure
A previous post (The Cause of “Protective Orders Disorder” and How to Prevent It.) discussed the trouble caused by granting domestic violence protective orders without a preponderance of evidence. This…
The Cause of “Protective Orders Disorder” and How to Prevent It.
“Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.” (Benjamin Franklin) It is undeniable that courts frequently take a "better safe…
Evidentiary Practice in Family Law Proceedings in Utah: A Relaxed Standard
Family law proceedings in Utah (and in all other states, frankly), differ significantly from other areas of civil or criminal litigation, particularly when it comes to evidentiary practices. While the…
Why Wouldn’t I Speak Freely With a Law Enforcement Officer if I Have Nothing to Hide and the Officer Seems Sincere in His Questioning?
There are some genuinely nice men and women serving in law enforcement. That stated, any time when a law enforcement officer is asking you questions, be aware that 1) law…
State v. Harris – 2024 UT App 191 – Presumption of innocence, Ineffective assistance
State v. Harris - 2024 UT App 191 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH, Appellee, v. RICKEY SCOTT HARRIS, Appellant. Opinion No. 20220791-CA Filed December 27, 2024 First…
State v. Wardle – 2024 UT App 181 – Utah R. Evid. 506, Privileged
State v. Wardle - 2024 UT App 181 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF UTAH, Appellee, v. DOUGLAS LAWRENCE WARDLE, Appellant. Opinion No. 20230761-CA Filed December 12, 2024 Third…
In re Adoption of K.R.S. – 2024 UT App 165
In re Adoption of K.R.S. - 2024 UT App 165 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS IN THE MATTER OF THE ADOPTION OF K.R.S., A PERSON UNDER EIGHTEEN YEARS OF AGE.…
Small v. Small – 2024 UT App 173 URE 408 and statute of frauds
Small v. Small - 2024 UT App 173 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS NATHAN DALE SMALL, Appellant, v. TRISHA DAWN SMALL, Appellee. Opinion No. 20230487-CA Filed November 29, 2024 First…
Godfrey v. Godfrey – 2024 UT App 156 – Broad discretion, Abuse of discretion
2024 UT App 156 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS AMANDA GODFREY, Appellee, v. RANDY GODFREY, Appellant. Opinion No. 20210871-CA Filed October 31, 2024 Third District Court, Silver Summit Department The…
Hoidal v. Berry – 2024 UT App 157 – Valuation, Separation, Alimony
2024 UT App 157 THE UTAH COURT OF APPEALS MARI HOIDAL, Appellee and Cross-appellant, v. JOHN BERRY, Appellant and Cross-appellee. Opinion No. 20220291-CA Filed October 31, 2024 Third District Court,…